Online Hearings and AVL at Hornsby Local Court

Technology now shapes almost every stage of a Local Court matter in New South Wales. People in custody usually appear by video link, most first bail applications after a police bail refusal are heard in a virtual Bail Division, some pleas can be lodged in writing, civil claims can be filed and managed online, and strict rules now apply to the use of generative AI in court documents. If you are not in custody, the starting point is still that you attend Hornsby Local Court in person unless the court directs otherwise.

Question	Short answer
Can I attend Hornsby Local Court online?	Sometimes. It depends on the type of matter and whether you are in custody. People in custody usually appear by audio visual link (AVL). Most defendants who are on bail or at liberty are expected to attend in person unless the court directs otherwise.
How are bail applications heard?	Since 7 July 2025 the Local Court has run a Bail Division that hears first instance bail applications by AVL. It covers all of NSW on weekends and many courts on weekdays. Check the current coverage before your court date.
Can I plead online?	For many summary matters where you are not on bail, you can lodge a Written Notice of Pleading by email, post or in person at least 7 days before the first court date. This is not always in your interests.
Can witnesses give evidence by video?	Yes, if the court directs it. The court weighs whether AVL is in the interests of the administration of justice. Application forms are attached to the Local Court practice notes.
Can I file a civil claim online?	Yes. The NSW Online Registry allows filing and case management for Local Court civil matters, and Online Court handles some procedural steps without a physical appearance.
Can I use ChatGPT to write my character reference or statement?	No. From 12 January 2026 the Local Court applies the Supreme Court Gen AI Practice Note. Generative AI must not be used to generate the content of affidavits, witness statements or character references, and those documents must contain a disclosure.
Can I record my online hearing?	No. Recording or transmitting court proceedings is an offence under the Court Security Act 2005 (NSW), including when you join by video.
Next step	Speak with Caspian Legal in Hornsby on 02 7264 3200 before your court date so your appearance method, plea and documents can be considered early.

Jurisdiction

This article applies to the Local Court of New South Wales, including Hornsby Local Court, in both its criminal and civil jurisdictions. It does not cover the District Court, the Supreme Court, the Federal Circuit and Family Court of Australia, NCAT or courts in other states. Court technology arrangements change often, particularly the rollout of the Bail Division. The information below reflects the law and published Local Court practice as at 24 August 2026.

Why this matters if you have a court date in Hornsby

A court date can feel stressful, especially if this is your first time. Many people now add a second worry: will the hearing be online, do I need to log in somewhere, and what happens if the video link fails? Getting the appearance method wrong can have real consequences. If you are required to attend in person and do not, the court may decide your case without you or issue a warrant for your arrest. If you assume you can plead in writing when you cannot, your matter may be adjourned or dealt with without your explanation being heard.

If your matter is listed at Hornsby Local Court, you can book a consultation with Caspian Legal before your court date. Call 02 7264 3200 or visit caspianlegal.com.au. We assist clients in Hornsby and surrounding Upper North Shore suburbs including Waitara, Asquith, Wahroonga, Thornleigh and Pennant Hills.

Can I attend my Hornsby Local Court matter online? The short answer

If you are in custody, you will usually appear by AVL from the correctional centre or police station rather than being brought to Hornsby. If you are on bail or at liberty, you are generally expected to attend in person. The court has power to allow an appearance by AVL or telephone in some circumstances, and in some cases a lawyer can appear on your behalf, but you should never assume this without confirming it. Civil matters have their own online processes through the NSW Online Registry and Online Court, although final hearings are still held in the courtroom.

Plain English glossary

Term	What it means
Audio visual link (AVL)	Video conferencing that lets a person see and hear the courtroom, and be seen and heard, from another location such as a correctional centre, police station, lawyer’s office or home.
Audio link	A telephone or audio-only connection. In bail matters it can only be used if AVL fails or is unavailable, the parties consent and the court is satisfied it is in the interests of justice.
Accused detainee	A person held in custody in a correctional centre, detention centre, police station or other place of detention who is required to appear in court.
Physical appearance proceedings	A trial (including arraignment on the trial day), a hearing of charges, or a fitness inquiry. The starting point for an accused detainee in these proceedings is physical attendance unless the court directs otherwise.
Bail Division	A division of the Local Court, established by the Chief Magistrate (now Chief Judge), that hears first instance adult bail applications, executed arrest warrants and detention applications by AVL.
Webex	The video conferencing platform used by the Bail Division. It runs in a web browser or app.
Mention	A short court date used to enter a plea, adjourn, or set a timetable. Evidence is not usually heard at a mention.
Written Notice of Pleading	A form under section 182 of the Criminal Procedure Act 1986 (NSW) that lets an eligible defendant enter a plea in writing instead of attending the first court date.
NSW Online Registry	The online portal for filing documents, paying fees and viewing case information in NSW courts, including Local Court civil matters.
Online Court	A digital service within the Online Registry where parties and the court can deal with procedural requests (such as adjournments and timetables) in some lists without attending court.
Remote witness facility	A room outside the courtroom, linked by closed-circuit television, from which a vulnerable witness can give evidence without sitting in the courtroom.
Generative AI (Gen AI)	Software such as ChatGPT that generates text or other content. Its use in court documents is now regulated by practice note.
Judge of the Local Court	From 28 March 2026, Magistrates became Judges of the Local Court. The correct form of address in court is “Your Honour”.

How the Local Court uses technology in 2026

Video appearances for people in custody

The Evidence (Audio and Audio Visual Links) Act 1998 (NSW) sets the rules. Under section 5BB, an accused detainee who is required to appear in criminal proceedings (other than physical appearance proceedings) must appear by AVL unless the court otherwise directs, provided the link is available or can reasonably be made available. Under section 5BA, the reverse applies to physical appearance proceedings: a trial, a hearing of charges or a fitness inquiry. For those, the accused detainee must appear physically unless the court directs otherwise or the parties consent to AVL.

Amendments that commenced on 7 July 2025 narrowed the definition of physical appearance proceedings so that bail proceedings, including first appearance bail matters, are no longer physical appearance proceedings. The same amendments confirmed that facilities must be available for private communication between an accused detainee appearing by AVL and their lawyer, wherever the lawyer is located (section 5BC), and that if a link fails the court may adjourn or make another appropriate order (section 20D).

In practice, for a client held at a correctional centre after a Hornsby arrest, this means most mentions, adjournments and bail applications happen by video, while a defended hearing will usually require the person to be brought to court.

The virtual Bail Division

The Bail Division of the Local Court commenced on 7 July 2025 for first instance bail matters from all regional courts and from Newtown and Waverley Local Courts. Downing Centre first instance bail matters moved into the Division in August 2025, and from 22 November 2025 the weekend bail courts for all of NSW joined it. Metropolitan Sydney weekday matters were planned to follow at a later stage. The Local Court website publishes which courts are currently covered.

All Bail Division matters are conducted by AVL using Webex. Defendants, lawyers, police prosecutors and family or support persons join online, and the court is generally open to the public. The Division hears police bail refusals, executed arrest warrants and detention applications. Defendants arrested and processed before 12:00pm are eligible for a Bail Division hearing on the same day; those processed later are generally dealt with the next sitting day. The Local Court Practice Note on Bail Proceedings (commenced 22 November 2025, amended 28 March 2026) governs the procedure.

For Hornsby clients, the practical point is that a weekend arrest anywhere in NSW, or a weekday arrest in a covered area, may be heard by a Judge sitting in a virtual courtroom rather than at the Hornsby courthouse. Your lawyer registers with the Bail Division Registry to receive dial-in details and appears by video, and can speak with you privately through the AVL facilities before the application.

Defendants who are on bail or at liberty

If you are on bail, you must attend court unless the court has excused you. If you are not on bail, you can lodge a Written Notice of Pleading instead of attending on the first occasion (see below). Legal Aid NSW guidance notes that a person on bail who cannot attend in person may be able to appear by AVL or telephone, and that a person on bail who has a lawyer may not need to attend if the lawyer appears on their behalf. These are matters for the court’s discretion and depend on the listing. Do not treat an online appearance as available unless the court or your lawyer has confirmed it.

Witnesses giving evidence by video

Under section 5B of the Evidence (Audio and Audio Visual Links) Act 1998 (NSW), the court may direct that a person give evidence or make a submission by audio link or AVL from any place inside or outside NSW, including overseas. Where the other party opposes the direction, the applicant must satisfy the court that it is in the interests of the administration of justice. The court must not make the direction if the facilities are unavailable, if it is satisfied the direction would be unfair to a party, or if the person will not give the evidence or make the submission.

The Local Court has standard application forms: Annexure D to Practice Note Crim 1 (criminal matters) and Annexure C to Practice Note Civ 1 (civil matters). Separately, remote witness facilities allow vulnerable witnesses, including complainants in domestic violence matters, to give evidence from a room outside the courtroom. Anyone worried about giving evidence should raise it with the prosecutor or their lawyer well before the hearing.

Pleading in writing without attending

Section 182 of the Criminal Procedure Act 1986 (NSW) allows a person served with a Court Attendance Notice to lodge a written notice stating whether they plead guilty or not guilty. If the notice is lodged with the registrar at least 7 days before the first court date, the person is not required to attend that date and is taken to have attended. A guilty plea can be accompanied by written material in mitigation. The section does not apply to anyone who has been granted or refused bail, or whose bail has been dispensed with.

The Local Court form can be lodged in person, by email or by post. The court may reject a written guilty plea if the explanation shows you disagree with the police facts, suggests you may have a defence, or if the court does not want to decide the case in your absence. If that happens the matter is adjourned and you must attend.

A written plea is convenient, but it is not always the best option. A written plea means you are sentenced without a solicitor addressing the Judge on your behalf, and the outcome may include a conviction that has consequences for your licence, employment or visa. Before lodging one, get advice on whether the charge is correct, whether the facts are accurate and whether attending with representation would put you in a better position.

Civil claims: the Online Registry and Online Court

The NSW Online Registry lets parties file documents such as a Statement of Claim, Defence, Notice of Motion and subpoenas, pay fees, view case information and order transcripts. The Local Court encourages online filing to reduce the time and cost of filing over the counter or by post. Under rule 3.5 of the Uniform Civil Procedure Rules 2005 (NSW), a person who files by uploading a document is taken to agree to file the original if the court requires it.

Online Court is a service within the Online Registry that lets legal practitioners, and in some cases self-represented parties, make procedural requests such as adjournments, hearing dates and leave to amend without attending. In the Local Court it operates in the Sydney General Division Defence Call-over list and the Small Claims Pre-Trial Review (Motor Vehicle) list. Requests generally need to be made by 12pm the day before the listing, with responses by 3pm. Final hearings are still conducted in the courtroom. Whether a Hornsby civil matter can use Online Court depends on the list it is in, so check eligibility early.

Generative AI in court documents

From 12 January 2026 the Local Court applies Supreme Court Practice Note SC Gen 23 on the use of generative AI to all Local Court proceedings. The key rules for clients are simple. Gen AI must not be used to generate the content of affidavits, witness statements, character references or other material intended to reflect a person’s own evidence or opinion, including by altering, embellishing or rephrasing what a witness would say. Those documents must contain a disclosure that Gen AI was not used. Expert reports cannot be prepared with Gen AI without leave. Lawyers who use Gen AI for permitted tasks such as chronologies or summaries must verify every citation themselves.

For a sentencing matter at Hornsby, this means a character reference written for you by an AI tool can be rejected, and a reference that fails to include the required disclosure can create problems for you and the referee. Referees should write in their own words about what they actually know.

Recording, streaming and behaviour online

Sections 9, 9A and 9B of the Court Security Act 2005 (NSW) make it an offence to use a recording device in court premises, to transmit sounds, images or information from a place where a court is sitting, or to distribute a court recording without authorisation. The maximum penalty for recording is 200 penalty units or 12 months imprisonment, or both. The Local Court’s Bail Division guide confirms these rules apply to online proceedings. Participants must be in a quiet, private room, dressed appropriately, and use respectful language, exactly as in a physical courtroom. Screenshots, screen recording and sharing a link with people who are not entitled to attend can all cause serious problems.

Electronic evidence and courtroom technology

Most courtrooms, including Hornsby, have playback equipment for electronic evidence such as CCTV, dashcam footage or phone recordings. The Local Court makes clear that it is the parties’ responsibility to ensure their electronic evidence is compatible with the courtroom equipment, and that parties should contact the registry to test it before the hearing day. Turning up with a file that will not play is a common and avoidable problem.

Who appears how: a quick comparison

Situation	Usual method of appearance	Main authority
Accused in custody, mention or adjournment	AVL unless the court otherwise directs	Evidence (AVL) Act 1998 s 5BB
Accused in custody, defended hearing or trial	In person unless the court directs otherwise or parties consent to AVL	Evidence (AVL) Act 1998 s 5BA
First bail application after police bail refusal (covered courts and all weekends)	AVL in the Bail Division via Webex; audio only if AVL fails and conditions are met	Evidence (AVL) Act 1998 ss 5BB, 3A; Practice Note Bail Proceedings
Defendant on bail, first mention	In person unless excused; lawyer may sometimes appear on your behalf	Court Attendance Notice; Local Court guidance
Defendant not on bail, minor summary or traffic matter	Written Notice of Pleading lodged 7 days before, or attend	Criminal Procedure Act 1986 s 182
Witness who cannot attend	AVL if the court directs it on application	Evidence (AVL) Act 1998 s 5B; Practice Notes Crim 1 and Civ 1
Vulnerable witness or DV complainant	Remote witness facility or AVL	Local Court technology page; Criminal Procedure Act 1986
Civil claim, filing and procedural steps	Online Registry filing; Online Court in eligible lists	UCPR 2005 r 3.5; Practice Note Civ 1
Civil hearing	In person	Practice Note Civ 1

Step by step: preparing for an AVL or online appearance

Read every document you have received. The Court Attendance Notice, bail papers or civil listing notice will state the court, date and time. Note whether you are on bail, because that determines whether a written plea is available and whether attendance is compulsory.
Confirm the method of appearance. Do not assume your matter is online. Ask your solicitor, or contact the Local Court registry, to confirm whether you must attend Hornsby in person, whether you will appear by AVL, or whether the matter is in the Bail Division.
Get legal advice before you enter a plea or lodge anything. The plea you enter, and the way you enter it, can affect the outcome and any conviction recorded.
If a written plea is appropriate, lodge the Written Notice of Pleading so the court receives it at least 7 days before the court date, then call the registry to confirm it is on the file.
If you or a witness will appear by AVL, make sure the application is made in time using the correct annexure, and that the court has made the direction before the day.
Test the technology. For Webex or any court link, check your camera, microphone, internet connection and battery the day before. Have a phone number for the registry in case the link fails.
Prepare the space. Choose a quiet, private room with no one else present unless the court has allowed a support person. Dress as you would for court. Keep documents in front of you. Do not record, screenshot or share the link.
Log in early and wait to be called. Mute your microphone until you are spoken to. Address the Judge as “Your Honour”. If the link drops, reconnect immediately and contact the registry or your lawyer.

In person, by AVL or in writing: benefits and risks

Option	Potential benefits	Risks to weigh
Attend in person	You and your solicitor can speak directly to the Judge, respond to questions, hand up documents and deal with anything unexpected. Usually the strongest position for a plea in mitigation.	Travel, waiting time and taking leave from work. Hornsby lists can run for hours.
Appear by AVL	Avoids travel; standard for people in custody; useful for interstate or overseas witnesses; the Bail Division can hear a bail application on the same day for eligible matters.	Only available where the law or the court allows it. Technology failures can lead to adjournment. Harder to confer privately during the hearing. Risk of breaching recording rules.
Written Notice of Pleading	No attendance at the first date if lodged 7 days early; convenient for minor matters where the facts are not disputed.	Not available if you are on bail. You are sentenced without anyone speaking for you. The court may reject the plea and require attendance. Outcomes can include a conviction with licence, work or visa consequences.

Document checklist

Bring or have ready, whether you are attending in person or online:

Court Attendance Notice, bail papers, summons or civil listing notice, including any Webex or AVL details sent by the court
Police facts sheet and any criminal or traffic record served on you
Any Written Notice of Pleading you have lodged and proof it was received
Character references, written by the referee in their own words, with the Gen AI disclosure required by the practice note
Medical, employment, counselling or course completion documents relevant to sentencing
Photographs, CCTV, dashcam or phone evidence in a format tested with the registry beforehand
For civil matters, your Online Registry login, the Statement of Claim or Defence, and any documents you rely on
Photo identification and a phone number for the registry and your solicitor in case the link fails

What not to do

Do not ignore court documents or assume the matter will be dealt with online. Non-attendance when attendance is required can lead to a decision in your absence or a warrant.
Do not lodge a Written Notice of Pleading if you are on bail, or without advice on whether pleading in writing is in your interests.
Do not record, screenshot, stream or share any part of an AVL or online hearing.
Do not use ChatGPT or any other AI tool to write your statement, affidavit or character reference, or to change what a referee has written.
Do not send documents to the court at the last minute. Written pleas need 7 days; Online Court requests generally need to be in by midday the day before.
Do not join a court video link from a car, a workplace, a public place or a room where other people can hear.
Do not discuss the facts of your case with anyone on the link other than your lawyer, or make statements to the court before you have had advice.

Common mistakes and myths

Myth: all court appearances are now online. In fact, the default for people at liberty remains in-person attendance, and defended hearings and trials are in the courtroom.
Myth: if I appear by video the case is less serious or the Judge will be more lenient. The law, the evidence and the sentencing principles are the same whatever the appearance method.
Mistake: treating the Bail Division 12:00pm cut-off as flexible. A person processed after midday will usually wait until the next sitting day.
Mistake: emailing a written plea the day before court. It must be received at least 7 days before the date to excuse attendance.
Mistake: assuming a lawyer can always appear for you. Whether you are excused from attending depends on the listing and the court.
Mistake: bringing electronic evidence on a phone or a format that will not play on court equipment. Test it with the registry first.
Mistake: using AI to polish a character reference. Under the practice note, that is a prohibited use and the document must contain a disclosure that AI was not used.

Time limits and the risk of waiting

Time limits apply at several points. A written plea must be lodged at least 7 days before the first court date. Bail Division matters have a midday cut-off for same-day hearing. Online Court requests generally close at 12pm the day before the listing. Applications for a witness to give evidence by AVL need to be filed early enough for the court to decide them before the hearing. If you plead not guilty, the prosecution must generally serve the brief of evidence at least 14 days before the hearing, which shapes your preparation timetable. Strict time limits also apply to appeals. Waiting until the week of your court date to get advice narrows your options and may mean an adjournment, which prolongs the stress and cost.

Frequently asked questions

Do I have to attend Hornsby Local Court in person for a first mention?

If you are on bail, yes, unless the court has excused you. If you are not on bail and the matter is a summary offence, you may be able to lodge a Written Notice of Pleading at least 7 days before the date instead. If you have a solicitor, ask whether they can appear on your behalf for that listing. Do not stay away without confirming your position.

Can I ask to appear by video because I live far from Hornsby or I am overseas?

You can ask, but it is the court’s decision. The Evidence (Audio and Audio Visual Links) Act 1998 (NSW) gives the court a discretion to direct evidence or submissions by AVL from inside or outside NSW, including overseas. Where the other side objects, the court must be satisfied it is in the interests of the administration of justice. Apply early and with reasons.

Will my bail application be heard at Hornsby or in the Bail Division?

It depends on the day and the current rollout. Weekend adult bail matters across NSW have been in the Bail Division since 22 November 2025. Weekday coverage started with regional courts, Newtown and Waverley, then the Downing Centre, with metropolitan Sydney to follow. Your lawyer can confirm the current position for a Hornsby arrest on the day.

Can my family watch my Bail Division hearing?

Generally yes. The Bail Division is open to the public, and family or support persons can join by AVL. The Local Court publishes an email address for observers to request access details. Some hearings may be closed at the court’s discretion, and observers must not record anything.

What happens if the video link fails during my hearing?

Section 20D of the Evidence (Audio and Audio Visual Links) Act 1998 (NSW) allows the court to adjourn the proceeding or make another appropriate order. In bail matters, an audio-only link can be used if AVL fails, but only with the parties’ consent and if the court is satisfied it is in the interests of justice. The police obligation to bring a person before the court as soon as practicable continues to apply.

Can I use AI to help prepare for court?

You can use it to understand general concepts or organise your thoughts, but not to generate your affidavit, statement or character reference, or to alter a witness’s words. Those documents must reflect the person’s own knowledge and must include a disclosure that Gen AI was not used. Anything you intend to hand to the court should be reviewed by a solicitor.

Can I file a small claim against someone from home?

Yes. A Statement of Claim can be filed through the NSW Online Registry, and the defendant can respond online. Some procedural steps can then be dealt with through Online Court if the matter is in an eligible list. The hearing itself is held in the courtroom.

Is a Magistrate still the person I will see at Hornsby?

From 28 March 2026, Magistrates became Judges of the Local Court under the Local Court and Bail Legislation Amendment Act 2025 (NSW). The person hearing your matter is now a Judge of the Local Court and is addressed as “Your Honour”.

Local help in Hornsby and the Upper North Shore

Hornsby Local Court sits at 294 Peats Ferry Road, Hornsby, and the Local Court confirms that AVL facilities are available at that location. Caspian Legal is based at 22–28 Edgeworth David Avenue, Hornsby NSW 2077, close to the courthouse, and regularly assists clients from Hornsby, Waitara, Asquith, Wahroonga, Normanhurst, Thornleigh, Pennant Hills, Berowra and Mount Colah. Whether your matter is a traffic charge, a bail application, an AVO, or a small claim, we can explain how the appearance is likely to run, prepare the documents, and appear with you in the courtroom or on the link.

What happens in a first consultation

In a first consultation we review your court papers and any police facts, confirm how and where your matter will be heard, explain your options including whether a written plea or an AVL appearance is available and sensible, and identify the documents you need. We also flag time limits and any risks, such as licence, employment or visa consequences, so you can make an informed decision about the next step. You can meet us in our Hornsby office or by video.

Speak with a Hornsby solicitor before your court date

Court technology can make things more convenient, but it also creates new ways to get the process wrong. Contact Caspian Legal to discuss your options before taking the next step. Call 02 7264 3200, visit caspianlegal.com.au to book a consultation, or come to 22–28 Edgeworth David Avenue, Hornsby NSW 2077. If we have already helped you, we would be grateful for a Google review at g.page/r/CYig8LJ260

This article is general information only and is not legal advice. It does not take into account your personal circumstances. Court procedures, practice notes and the rollout of the Bail Division change from time to time. You should obtain advice from a solicitor about your own situation before acting.

Sources

Evidence (Audio and Audio Visual Links) Act 1998 (NSW), ss 3, 3A, 5B, 5BA, 5BB, 5BC, 20A, 20D: https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-1998-105
Evidence (Audio and Audio Visual Links) Amendment (Local Court Bail Division) Act 2025 No 34 (NSW), commenced 7 July 2025: https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/pdf/asmade/act-2025-34 and Explanatory Note: https://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/bill/files/18751/First%20Print.pdf
Criminal Procedure Act 1986 (NSW), ss 182 and 183: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/cpa1986188/s182.html
Court Security Act 2005 (NSW), ss 9, 9A and 9B: https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/whole/html/inforce/current/act-2005-001
Uniform Civil Procedure Rules 2005 (NSW), r 3.5: https://legislation.nsw.gov.au/view/html/inforce/current/sl-2005-418
Local Court of NSW, Bail Division: https://localcourt.nsw.gov.au/about-us/jurisdictions0/criminal-jurisdiction/weekday-bail-division.html
Local Court of NSW, Bail Division Information Guide (November 2025): https://localcourt.nsw.gov.au/documents/factsheets/bail-division-factsheets/Bail_Division_Information_Guide_November_2025.pdf
Local Court of NSW, Practice Notes (Bail Proceedings; Crim 1 Annexure D; Civ 1 Annexure C; Generative Artificial Intelligence): https://localcourt.nsw.gov.au/practice-publications/practice-notes.html
Local Court of NSW, Practice Note Generative Artificial Intelligence (commenced 12 January 2026): https://localcourt.nsw.gov.au/documents/practice-notes/other/Practice_Note_Generative_Artificial_Intelligence_Commences_12.01.26.pdf
Supreme Court of NSW, Practice Note SC Gen 23 Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence: https://supremecourt.nsw.gov.au/documents/Practice-and-Procedure/Practice-Notes/general/current/PN_SC_Gen_23.pdf
Local Court of NSW, News (Magistrates become Judges, 28 March 2026; Bail Division milestones): https://localcourt.nsw.gov.au/practice-publications/news.html
Local Court of NSW, Court Technology and Security (AVL, remote witness facilities, electronic evidence): https://localcourt.nsw.gov.au/help-and-support/court-technology-and-security.html
Local Court of NSW, Entering a Plea: https://localcourt.nsw.gov.au/types-of-cases/criminal-jurisdiction/entering-a-plea.html
Local Court of NSW, Online Services and Court Lists: https://localcourt.nsw.gov.au/online-services/online-services-and-court-lists.html
NSW Online Registry, Online Court in the Local Court: https://onlineregistry.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/content/help/onlinecourt/local-court
Local Court of NSW, Court Locations H (Hornsby): https://localcourt.nsw.gov.au/locations–lists-and-forms/cl-2/court-locations-h.html
Legal Aid NSW, Pleading guilty in writing and Pleading not guilty in writing: https://www.legalaid.nsw.gov.au/my-problem-is-about/fines/fines-go-to-court/Going-to-court/pleading-guilty-in-writing
Judicial Commission of NSW, Local Court Bench Book, The plea and defended hearings: https://www.judcom.nsw.gov.au/publications/benchbks/local/defended_hearings.html